FATWA, LEGITIMASI, DAN OTORITAS DALAM HUKUM ISLAM: STUDI KRITIS ATAS KONTROVERSI TRADING DAN CRYPTOCURRENCY
Keywords:
Fatwa, Legitimacy, Authority, Trading, CryptocurrencyAbstract
The rapid development of financial technology, particularly online trading and cryptocurrency has sparked significant controversy within Islamic legal discourse. Divergent fatwas issued by various Islamic authorities have created normative ambiguity while raising questions about the legitimacy and authority of fatwas in responding to digital economic phenomena. This study aims to critically analyze the position of fatwas on trading and cryptocurrency, as well as to examine how legitimacy and authority are constructed and contested within contemporary socio-religious contexts. The research employs a qualitative approach through literature analysis, cross-country comparative studies, and critical reviews of official fatwas. The findings indicate that the legitimacy of fatwas is shaped by epistemic credibility, institutional structures, socio-political dynamics, and the influence of digital media. Credible fatwas are not only based on strong sharia arguments but also rely on methodological transparency, public participation, and adaptability to financial innovation. The study implies the urgency of renewing ijtihad methodologies, fostering cross-authority harmonization, and strengthening public communication to enhance trust in Islamic law in the digital age.
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