DISTINGSI SYAKL DHABT SURAH AL-FATIHAH PADA MUSHAF MADINAH DAN MUSHAF STANDAR INDONESIA

Abstract

This study critically re-examines the discussion of syakl al-ḍabṭ (Qur’anic diacritical marks) in the Madinah Mushaf and the Indonesian Standard Mushaf, with a particular focus on Surah al-Fātiḥah. The formulation of diacritical conventions in the Indonesian Standard Mushaf departs from classical ʿilm al-ḍabṭ literature, as it adopts a comparative method by examining diacritical practices from various countries and selecting forms that were widely recognized and socially accepted. This choice was also influenced by the limited availability of written sources on ḍabṭ during the 1970s–1980s, when several Qur’anic manuscripts were in circulation. In contrast, the Madinah Mushaf consistently adheres to classical scholarly authorities, particularly the views presented in At-Thirāz ʿalā Ḍabṭ al-Kharrāz by Imam al-Tanāsī, while also drawing upon the diacritical system attributed to al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī. Variations in diacritical notation may pose challenges for lay readers of the Qur’an if not accompanied by sufficient Qur’anic literacy. This research employs a textual comparative approach to examine two primary aspects: the diacritical system of the Indonesian Standard Mushaf and that of the Madinah Mushaf. The findings reveal significant differences in diacritical practices, including the orthography of lafẓ al-jalālah, madd signs, the representation of hamzah waṣl and hamzah qaṭʿ, as well as variations in waqf symbols.