SEYYED HOSSEIN NASR'S CRITIQUE OF PERENNIALISM ON MODERNISM

Abstract

This article explores the profound critique of modernism as articulated by Seyyed Hossein Nasr, particularly in the context of the spiritual and ecological crises afflicting contemporary human civilization. Modern Western thought, as argued in this study, has displaced spirituality—the core of human essence—and replaced it with anthropocentrism, wherein human reason and technological advancement are idolized as ultimate solutions to all problems. This shift has led to a materialistic worldview that alienates humanity from its metaphysical roots, fostering an illusion of progress that, in reality, deepens existential disconnection and ecological degradation. Nasr, a prominent Muslim philosopher and scholar, responds to this phenomenon by emphasizing the importance of sacred knowledge (al-‘ilm al-ladunni) and traditional wisdom, particularly as preserved within the Islamic intellectual tradition. Through his concept of sacred science, Nasr criticizes the secular and fragmented approach of modern science, which, he contends, contributes to both environmental destruction and the erosion of spiritual consciousness. Employing a qualitative literature study, this paper systematically examines Nasr's philosophical response to modernity, positioning his thought as a vital framework for addressing the intertwined crises of spirit and nature. By revisiting the perennial philosophy (sophia perennis), Nasr offers an alternative vision that calls for the reintegration of the sacred into all aspects of human life and knowledge. Ultimately, this study seeks to demonstrate that a return to spiritual and metaphysical awareness, grounded in traditional religious wisdom, is essential for restoring human beings to their authentic nature and for fostering a more harmonious relationship with the natural world.