PERBANDINGAN TEORI KEBEBASAN SARTRE DENGAN HARAKAT JAWHARIYAH MULLA SADRA

Abstract

Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialism asserts that humans exist to create their essence through the freedom of choice, unbound by innate characteristics or predetermined fate. This freedom makes humans fully responsible for their lives, even though it is often accompanied by anxiety. According to Sartre, humans have no inherent purpose they must define the meaning of their lives through their actions and decisions.  In contrast, Mulla Sadra, through the concept of substantial motion, views the purpose of human life as a process of achieving perfection. The human substance, like the universe, undergoes change and evolution toward its highest actualization. This concept aligns with the Qur'an, which designates humans as stewards khalifah on Earth, tasked with prospering the universe as part of their spiritual and existential perfection. Despite their fundamental differences, both perspectives imply that humans are dynamic entities engaged in creating the meaning of their lives, either through the freedom of choice or through the journey toward perfection. In this regard, Sartre's freedom and Sadra's perfection can be seen as two complementary approaches to understanding the essence of human life's purpose.